one may contain the front wall. thin-walled cells associated with the vessels. thick-walled fibres (3). 223 stomata 10.
Each latex cell has many nuclei (not 1 visible here). 53 tuber 50. (LM.) 41. 376. 176 tissue culture 214. 240. London. with its apex at the micropyle) is 4 continuous with the hypocotyl (2). A secondary wall may be deposited internally. the other running counterclockwise. In nearly all angiosperms the tracheary elements comprise both tracheids and vessels (175) but generally only tracheids occur in gymnosperms and lower vascular plants (142. it is elongated. thin ‘wings’ of cork or elevating spines on mounds of cork (401.
Perinuclear space The region lying between the two membranes of the nuclear envelope.
1 Floral shoot 3 Stigmas 2 Petals 1 233 . more strips of bifacial vascular cambium become unifacial. the nonconducting heartwood (1) is darker than the surrounding sapwood (2). thus they are vascular cryptogams similar to ferns. (LM. Intercellular space A gas space which forms between adjacent cells either by the breakdown of the middle lamellae or of an intervening cell. Trail of Story, Traveller’s Path AU trail-19 .indd 1 3/22/10 10:56:26 PM AU trail-19 .indd 2 3/22/10 10:56:26 PM Trail of Story, Traveller’s Path Reflections on Ethnoecology and Landscape and its primary wall torn.) 79. is secreted into the duct by the lining epithelial cells. Buds may also develop adventitiously on the shoot: when the plumule of Linum usitassimum (flax. 294). The elongated. The cork is impermeable to gaseous diffusion but the numerous lenticels (403–406) facilitate the movement of oxygen into the living tissues within this barrier and also allow the exit of carbon dioxide. Water dispersal is much less common but the large fruits of Cocos nucifera (coconut) and Lodoicea maldavica (sea coconut) are dispersed in the ocean currents with their enclosed seeds protected by a thick and sclerified endocarp. Alternation of generations In all land plants the diploid sporophyte generation is different in form to the haploid gametophyte (heteromorphic alternation).260 Glossary Abaxial surface The surface of leaf or bud primordium remote from the shoot apex or stem (cf. but numerous strands 1 of endoplasmic reticulum (3) lie in the cytoplasm together with other organelles. 269 . Double fertilization An event unique to angiosperms in which one male gamete fertilizes the egg to give a diploid zygote while the other sperm fertilizes the (diploid) polar nucleus to give a triploid primary endosperm nucleus. 377) frequently become crushed by expanding xylem cylinder.
90. Extensive tracts occur in oily seeds. on their decay.192 P LANT S TRUCTURE 413 413 Rhizophora mangle (spider mangrove) growing in saline estuarine mud.
while the ray parenchyma may also be lignified. 1 Protoxylem lacuna 2 Sieve tubes 2 2 3 Endodermis 4 Fibres 2 3 4 4 167 . free from their bases. In addition to tissues directly derived from the ovary wall. TECHNIQUES OF PLANT ANATOMY Simple observation with a hand lens (often supplemented with a binocular dissecting microscope) reveals tremendous morphological detail of a plant (144. the knife may displace crystals. so that growth rings are often visible to the naked eye (172. 55 fibrillar nucleoid zones 54 polymorphic 55 mitosis 31.
Oregon).8 Biographies Bryan Bowes was Senior Lecturer for over 30 years in the Department of Botany. 1 Adaxial epidermis 3 Stoma 5 Spongy mesophyll 2 Abaxial epidermis 4 Palisade layer 6 Veinlet 127 127 TS of the aerial root of Monstera (a monocot).) has been split open to reveal the (cf. Acumule 10.000 Km até 31 de dezembro de 2020 nos produtos e serviços nos Postos Ipiranga para se tornar em 2021 um participante Km de Vantagens Prestige, um grupo seleto de clientes do Km de Vantagens. Meristematic activity usually extends for some distance behind the apex. B: Detail of the aerenchyma cells which connect. produced by trees living in swamp conditions and serving for aeration of the underground root system. The secondary phloem (2) is being produced at (1) unifacial and producing only secondary phloem (3) and and is being pushed outward.) 65. as in some fibres. 39. Carpel A component of the gynoecium which may be free or fused to other carpels and bears ovule(s) in its ovary.
There are nearly 650 large succulent species of this genus.
1 and a lower epidermis. (Photographed at the Montgomery Botanical Center.
In late spring the runners of this widespread and common perennial dicot grow rapidly over damp. The hypodermal walls (except at the stomia) are 3 3 elaborately thickened (cf. Root cap A cap of cells enclosing the root apex. The megaspore was one of four meiotic derivatives but the other three (dotted) have degenerated.
Chromoplasts (H) contain red. on flat rocks and walls. 10).) bonding between hemicellulose molecules (3). 122. This is a meristematic layer of tangentially flattened cells which commonly arises hypodermally. 550. components. 151–2. enrich depleted soils. formed from a longitudinal series of cells by the breakdown of their end wall (cf. 131. Ribosome A small organelle composed of RNA and protein which is concerned with protein synthesis. Because the four strips no longer produce secondary xylem. Crista (pl. Wood and pith are 1 slightly thinner on the adult side as compared to the three juvenile sides (3). (LM.P LANT H ISTOLOGY 196 196 TS of the secondary xylem of the dicot Pterygota kamerumensis. They may have a long-lived epidermis providing stomata and a translucent surface for many years (232. so wood-based stemsucculents often are trees with large. they surround a complex sclerenchymatous later stage the vascular cambium (3) produces large vascular core (3). Integument In seed plants the outer sterile jacket(s) of the ovule enclosing the nucellus except at the micropyle. Stone cell A small.
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