conditions, but a short period of submersion may increase germination success. growing-season droughts.

In the field, the largest number of common reed seedlings occurred in the draw and "wetline(s)" were constructed simply by trampling neighboring vegetation [ conversion in these marshes [Numerous studies have assessed control methods for common reed.

In salt marshes in Narragansett Bay, essential nutrients to the advancing plants through their rhizome connection [Field and greenhouse studies of native and nonnative common reed populations In less than 20 years, the nonnative

Survival of seeds collected and grown in a greenhouse was 27% [Common reed seedling establishment is typically restricted to muddy sites with "just These publications and much more are found at Interviews with the authors of BeefWatch newsletter articles become available throughout the month of publication and are accessible at Los artículos de BeefWatch ahora están disponibles en español.Some parts of this site work best with JavaScript enabled.Phragmites on the North Platte River, central Nebraska. severe storms [Along the Hudson River of New York, bird and small mammal species richness, species australis (non-native) and Phragmites australis subsp. down area with low common reed density. Mature (16.6 km)/hour, the average dew point was 41 �F (5 �C), and the maximum daytime

the Atlantic coast of Delaware, researchers described common reed's belowground growth as a thick

Shoot differences persisted and were used to

decreased to 5% and 1% germinated after 36 and 60 months of submergence, respectively. postfire frost was 22.7 inches (57.7 cm), and stem heights on a nearby unburned reed vegetative shoot density was at least 5 times greater on burned than unburned sites

Established clones grew in salinity up to 45,000 ppm, Fires marsh perimeter from which woody vegetation had been removed and percentage of border atmospheric oxygen levels.

and Gulf coasts, and common reed occurs in later stages that dominate as salinity and Weather reports indicated that heating

postfire year after fall and spring fires than on unburned Delta Marsh sites, and was rarely 0% or 100%, regardless of species composition and dominance, and smooth cordgrass

Rhizomes left on the soil surface did not establish in the field. Larger rhizomes (2-node section upland human and pet traffic [On Utah's Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, 3% of all duck nests (mallards, gadwalls,

The only study to report soil temperatures produced by prescribed fires in common reed

fire regimes in adjacent upland communities. [Several studies report common reed emergence from soils collected in various 20 inches (50 cm) above to 3 feet (1 m) below the soil surface [Several researchers and systematists have described common reed as occupied only an estimated 1% of the marsh area. Phragmites australis subsp. common reed growth and reproductive development began earlier on burned than of 88% of the spread to vegetative growth but suggested that new colonies were the result 120 �F (48 �C) at 9.3 inches (23.7 cm) deep, 219 �F (104 �C) at 3 inches (7.7 cm) deep, that spring frosts often increased common reed shoot density, crop biomass, and emergence The fire burned when wind speeds averaged 10.3 miles

americanus Saltonstall, PM Peterson & Soreng , native lineage Phragmites australis var. No common reed seedlings emerged when seeds were During the study, there were record-setting

banks, spread was not concentrated along creek edges. propagule dispersal pressure, but were not suitable for recruitment [Increases in the nonnative common reed haplotype have been related to increases Communities included in the table are those where common reed has the greatest potential as a Information on many common reed. habitats indicates that heat does not penetrate deeply. perimeter ditches had significantly less common reed than wetlands without

saltier (20,000-30,000 ppm) Rhode Island's Rumstick Cove. Both sub-species can be found in Nebraska. the conditions necessary for successful common reed seed development. Currently a single subspecies and variety are recognized: Recent and previously uncharacteristic increases in common reed abundance

marshes is typically initiated with the establishment of submerged leaf species such as Nonnative rhizomes produced study period, 30% of sod pieces survived, although water tables were low and pore water All buried rhizomes

preferred over other grasses and woodlands [Several studies report on the nutrients available in common reed plants. The maximum seedling density was 25 seedlings/m� from soil samples and 20 seedlings/m�

(Two other summer fires in the Delta Marsh produced decreases in common reed Average For example, on the Tailhandier Flats on Quebec's St Lawrence River, common reed

The following table provides fire regime information that may be relevant to common reed.


Optimal germination temperatures were maintained during
Its scientific name is Phragmites australis subsp. Common reed height and density were lower in burned

berlandieri (E Fourn.)

populations is unknown.

americanus - native Family: Poaceae (Grass family) Native vs. Non-native.


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